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(base) MAC:Fri Sep 04:14:11:~> x = []
-bash: x: command not found
(base) MAC:Fri Sep 04:14:20:~> python
Python 3.7.4 (default, Aug 13 2019, 15:17:50) 
[Clang 4.0.1 (tags/RELEASE_401/final)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> x = []
>>> type(x)
<class 'list'>
>>> x.append("pigs")
>>> x.append("horses")
>>> x.append("cows")
>>> x
['pigs', 'horses', 'cows']
>>> x.append(5)
>>> x
['pigs', 'horses', 'cows', 5]
>>> #lists are heterogeneous
... 
>>> x.append([1,2,3,"buffalo"])
>>> x
['pigs', 'horses', 'cows', 5, [1, 2, 3, 'buffalo']]
>>> len(x)
5
>>> x[0]
'pigs'
>>> x[0][0]
'p'
>>> x[4][3]
'buffalo'
>>> x[4][3][1:]
'uffalo'
>>> s
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 's' is not defined
>>> s = "abcdef"
>>> list(s)
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']
>>> "ab" in "baobab"
True
>>> x
['pigs', 'horses', 'cows', 5, [1, 2, 3, 'buffalo']]
>>> "horses" in x
True
>>> "zebra" in x
False
>>> [1,2,3] + [4,5,6]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> a = [1,2,3,4]
>>> a[1:]
[2, 3, 4]
>>> a[:1]
[1]
>>> a[1:3]
[2, 3]
>>> a[1:3] = []
>>> a
[1, 4]
>>> a[1] = -7
>>> a
[1, -7]
>>> 
>>> original = []
>>> copy = original
>>> original.append("foo")
>>> original
['foo']
>>> copy
['foo']
>>> original is copy
True
>>> a = [1,2,3]
>>> b = a[:]
>>> a is b
False
>>> b
[1, 2, 3]
>>> b.append(4)
>>> a
[1, 2, 3]
>>> b
[1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> s = "insane"
>>> t = "insane"
>>> s == t
True
>>> s is t
True
>>> x = 5
>>> y = 6
>>> x is y
False
>>> ##relational operators
... 
>>> # < > <= >= == != is
... 
>>> "5" == 5
False
>>> 5**2==25
True
>>> 5 < 6
True
>>> 5 > 6
False
>>> 5 <=6
True
>>> 5 >= 6
False
>>> 5 == 6
False
>>> 5 != 6
True
>>> x = ["cow", "pig", "horse", "goat", "chicken", "goose"]
>>> x.sort()
>>> x
['chicken', 'cow', 'goat', 'goose', 'horse', 'pig']
>>> x = ["pollard", "Warner", "monson", "Vaduri", "Fawcett"]
>>> x
['pollard', 'Warner', 'monson', 'Vaduri', 'Fawcett']
>>> x.sort()
>>> x
['Fawcett', 'Vaduri', 'Warner', 'monson', 'pollard']
>>> ##  lex means word
... ## lexicon is a dictionary
... ## lexicographical ordering
... 
>>> ## asciicographical  lexicographical, order based on byte value
... 
>>> ord("a")
97
>>> ord("A")
65
>>> ord(120)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: ord() expected string of length 1, but int found
>>> chr(120)
'x'
>>> chr(945)
'α'
>>> chr(948)
'δ'
>>> chr(946)
'β'
>>> chr(947)
'γ'
>>> foolish = [True, 5, "caterwaul", 5.6]
>>> foolish.sort()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: '<' not supported between instances of 'str' and 'int'
>>> "cow"  56
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    "cow"  56
            ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> "cow" < 56
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: '<' not supported between instances of 'str' and 'int'
>>> "cow" == 56
False
>>> x = [[2,3,4], [-3,1, 5], [5], [12, 5 -6], [2,3,5]]
>>> x = [[2,3,4], [-3,1, 5], [5], [12, 5, -6], [2,3,5]]
>>> x.sort()
>>> x
[[-3, 1, 5], [2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 5], [5], [12, 5, -6]]
>>> min(x)
[-3, 1, 5]
>>> max(x)
[12, 5, -6]
>>> y = [2,4,2,5,6,8,9,1,3,0]
>>> y.count(2)
2
>>> y.index(2)
0
>>> y.index(57)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: 57 is not in list
>>> 57 in y
False
>>>