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pyth
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(base) MAC:Tue Feb 09:09:39:~> python
Python 3.8.5 (default, Sep  4 2020, 02:22:02) 
[Clang 10.0.0 ] :: Anaconda, Inc. on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> not P
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'P' is not defined
>>> not True
False
>>> not False
True
>>> True or True
True
>>> True or False
True
>>> False or True
True
>>> False or False
False
>>> True and True
True
>>> True and False
False
>>> False and True
False
>>> False and False
False
>>> #lists
>>> x = []
>>> x.append("cows")
>>> x
['cows']
>>> x.append("sheep")
>>> x
['cows', 'sheep']
>>> x.append(42)
>>> x
['cows', 'sheep', 42]
>>> #lists are heterogeneous
>>> x.append([1,2,3,4])
>>> x
['cows', 'sheep', 42, [1, 2, 3, 4]]
>>> x[0]
'cows'
>>> x[3].append(["cats", "dawgs", "elliefants"])
>>> x
['cows', 'sheep', 42, [1, 2, 3, 4, ['cats', 'dawgs', 'elliefants']]]
>>> x[0]
'cows'
>>> x[0][0]
'c'
>>> x[3]
[1, 2, 3, 4, ['cats', 'dawgs', 'elliefants']]
>>> x[3][4
... ]
['cats', 'dawgs', 'elliefants']
>>> x[3][4][2]
'elliefants'
>>> x[3][4][2][0]
'e'
>>> list("trinitrotolulene")
['t', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'i', 't', 'r', 'o', 't', 'o', 'l', 'u', 'l', 'e', 'n', 'e']
>>> smithereens = list("trinitrotolulene")
>>> "".join(smithereens)
'trinitrotolulene'
>>> shopping = []
>>> shopping.append("steak")
>>> shopping.append("broccoli")
>>> shopping.append("chocolate milk")
>>> shopping
['steak', 'broccoli', 'chocolate milk']
>>> len(shopping)
3
>>> "milk" in shopping
False
>>> shopping.add("milk")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'add'
>>> shopping.append("milk")
>>> "cow" in "cowabunga"
True
>>> #string, numbers, booleans
>>> #lists are mutable
>>> #aliasing
>>> x = [1,2,3]
>>> y = x
>>> y
[1, 2, 3]
>>> x
[1, 2, 3]
>>> y[0] = 5
>>> y
[5, 2, 3]
>>> x
[5, 2, 3]
>>> id(x)
140363846671296
>>> id(y)
140363846671296
>>> id(0)
4462098752
>>> id(1)
4462098784
>>> id(2)
4462098816
>>> id(3)
4462098848
>>> id(5)
4462098912
>>> id(100) - id(0)
3200
>>> id(200) - id(0)
6400
>>> id(300) - id(0)
140359387297968
>>>